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Consensus Mechanism

Blockchain Basicsblog.difficulty.intermediate

A consensus mechanism is a method used by blockchains to agree on the current state of the network and validate new transactions.

Simple Explanation

Imagine a group of people trying to agree on what time it is without trusting any single clock. A consensus mechanism is the set of rules they follow to all agree on the correct time.

Why It's Needed

Without a central authority, blockchain networks need a way for all participants to agree on:

  • Which transactions are valid
  • The order of transactions
  • The current state of the ledger

Common Types

  • Proof of Work (PoW): Solve puzzles to validate (Bitcoin)
  • Proof of Stake (PoS): Stake coins to validate (Ethereum)
  • Delegated PoS: Vote for validators
  • Practical Byzantine Fault Tolerance: Committee-based